For newborn screening tests, a blood sample is taken by pricking your baby's heel. A member of your health care team takes the sample by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. What you can expectÄepending on the type of test, a sample of your blood, skin, amniotic fluid or other tissue will be collected and sent to a lab for analysis. However, this act does not cover life, long-term care or disability insurance. Under GINA, employment discrimination based on genetic risk also is illegal. In the United States, the federal Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) helps prevent health insurers or employers from discriminating against you based on test results. So, before you have a genetic test, check with your insurance provider to see what will be covered. Not all health insurance policies pay for genetic testing. Having these conversations before testing can give you a sense of how your family might respond to your test results and how it may affect them. If you're being tested for a genetic disorder that runs in families, you may want to consider discussing your decision to have genetic testing with your family. Also, talk about your options, depending on the test results. Ask questions and discuss any concerns about genetic testing at that meeting. Then, talk with your doctor or a genetic counselor about your personal and family medical history to better understand your risk. How you prepareÄ«efore you have genetic testing, gather as much information as you can about your family's medical history. Discuss all risks and benefits of genetic testing with your doctor, a medical geneticist or a genetic counselor before you have a genetic test. Genetic testing can have emotional, social and financial risks as well. However, prenatal testing such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling has a small risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage). Blood and cheek swab tests have almost no risk. Generally genetic tests have little physical risk.
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